Rice
Oryza sativa
Cereal · Indo-Gangetic & Pan-India staples · Kharif / Rabi
India's #2 cereal by area. Blast and bacterial blight dominate Kharif losses; AI detection saves 7-12 days before visible lesions.
Abiotic stress vulnerabilities
Possible diseases, pests & stresses (9)
Rice Blast Disease
Magnaporthe oryzae
Spindle-shaped lesions with a gray center and brown border appear on leaves. In severe cases, nodes blacken and break, and the panicle neck rots, preventing grain filling.
Stage: Rice blast can strike from seedling stage all the way to heading/panicle stage. However, the tillering and panicle emergence stages are the most vulnerable and damaging.
Bacterial Leaf Blight
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Yellow water-soaked margins turning straw-colored; tip dieback ("kresek").
Stage: Tillering → Panicle initiation
Sheath Blight
Rhizoctonia solani
Ellipsoid greenish-grey lesions on leaf sheath; lodging at maturity.
Stage: Tillering → Flowering
Rice Tungro Virus
RTBV + RTSV (leafhopper-vectored)
Stunting; orange-yellow leaf discoloration; reduced tillering.
Stage: Seedling → Tillering
Brown Planthopper
Nilaparvata lugens
"Hopper-burn" — circular yellow → brown dry patches in field.
Stage: Adult
Yellow Stem Borer
Scirpophaga incertulas
Deadhearts in vegetative stage; whiteheads at flowering
Stage: Vegetative to reproductive
Drought Stress
Water deficit
Leaf rolling, tip drying, stunting, spikelet sterility
Stage: All stages, critical at flowering
Salinity
Salt toxicity
Leaf tip whitening, stunting, poor tillering, sterility
Stage: Seedling & reproductive
Submergence
Flooding / low O2
Elongation, chlorosis, plant death after prolonged flooding
Stage: Vegetative